Jason Barker - Medical Cannabis Patient & Organizer with LECUA Patient’s Coalition Of New Mexico 
LECUAPatientsCoalitionNM@gmail.com
dukecitywellness.blogspot.com
Tuesday, February 28th 2017
New Mexico State Department of Health
Medical Cannabis Advisory Board
Medical Cannabis Program
PO Box 26110
Santa Fe, NM, 87502-6110
Medical Cannabis Program
PO Box 26110
Santa Fe, NM, 87502-6110
Petition: Requesting The Inclusion Of A New Medical Condition: Migraines
Table of Contents
Pg. 1 Cover Page
Pg. 2 Petition Introduction
Pg. 3 Petition Purpose and Background
Pg. 13 Relief Requested In Petition
Pg. 14 - 15 References
Printing Provided By:
Petition Introduction: Requesting The Inclusion Of A New Medical Condition: Migraines
New Mexico’s medical cannabis history started in 1978, after public hearings the legislature enacted H.B. 329, the nation’s first law recognizing the medical value of cannabis. The New Mexico’s medical cannabis program (MCP) is the only program in the U.S. that places sole responsibility for regulation on the state’s Department of Health. Doctors must comply with state requirements for patients to be considered for applying to the medical cannabis program.
In the Lynn and Erin Compassionate Use Act, (2007) the law states; The Secretary of Health shall establish an advisory board consisting of eight practitioners representing the fields of neurology, pain management, medical oncology, psychiatry, infectious disease, family medicine and gynecology. The practitioners shall be nationally board-certified in their area of specialty and knowledgeable about the medical use of cannabis. The members shall be chosen for appointment by the Secretary from a list proposed by the New Mexico Medical Society. A quorum of the advisory board shall consist of three members. The advisory board shall:
A. review and recommend to the department for approval additional debilitating medical conditions that would benefit from the medical use of cannabis;
B. accept and review petitions to add medical conditions, medical treatments or diseases to the list of debilitating medical conditions that qualify for the medical use of cannabis;
C. convene at least twice per year to conduct public hearings and to evaluate petitions, which shall be maintained as confidential personal health information, to add medical conditions, medical treatments or diseases to the list of debilitating medical conditions that qualify for the medical use of cannabis;
D. issue recommendations concerning rules to be promulgated for the issuance of the registry identification cards; and
E. recommend quantities of cannabis that are necessary to constitute an adequate supply for qualified patients and primary caregivers.
First, do no harm. As an important step in becoming a doctor, medical students must take the Hippocratic Oath. And one of the promises within that oath is “first, do no harm”.
A. review and recommend to the department for approval additional debilitating medical conditions that would benefit from the medical use of cannabis;
B. accept and review petitions to add medical conditions, medical treatments or diseases to the list of debilitating medical conditions that qualify for the medical use of cannabis;
C. convene at least twice per year to conduct public hearings and to evaluate petitions, which shall be maintained as confidential personal health information, to add medical conditions, medical treatments or diseases to the list of debilitating medical conditions that qualify for the medical use of cannabis;
D. issue recommendations concerning rules to be promulgated for the issuance of the registry identification cards; and
E. recommend quantities of cannabis that are necessary to constitute an adequate supply for qualified patients and primary caregivers.
First, do no harm. As an important step in becoming a doctor, medical students must take the Hippocratic Oath. And one of the promises within that oath is “first, do no harm”.
We have a sound law in the Lynn and Erin Compassionate Use Act, as Section 2 reads; PURPOSE OF ACT.--The purpose of the Lynn and Erin Compassionate Use Act is to allow the beneficial use of medical cannabis in a regulated system for alleviating symptoms caused by debilitating medical conditions and their medical treatments.
“ARTICLE 2B. LYNN AND ERIN COMPASSIONATE USE ACT
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 26-2B-2 (2009)
§ 26-2B-2. Purpose of act
The purpose of the Lynn and Erin Compassionate Use Act [26-2B-1 NMSA 1978] is to allow the beneficial use of medical cannabis in a regulated system for alleviating symptoms caused by debilitating medical conditions and their medical treatments.
HISTORY: Laws 2007, ch. 210, § 2.
EFFECTIVE DATES. --Laws 2007, ch. 210, § 12 makes the act effective July 1, 2007.”
Mosby’s Medical Dictionary states that “medical treatment” means; the management and care of a patient to combat disease or disorder. Medical treatment includes: Using prescription medications, or use of a non-prescription drug at prescription strength; and or treatment of disease by hygienic and pharmacologic remedies, as distinguished from invasive surgical procedures. Treatment may be pharmacologic, using drugs; surgical, involving operative procedures; or supportive, building the patient's strength. It may be specific for the disorder, or symptomatic to relieve symptoms without effecting a cure.(Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 9th edition.)
What is a chronic medical condition?
A chronic disease is one lasting 3 months or more, by the definition of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. Chronic diseases generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication, nor do they just disappear. Harvard Medical Dictionary defines chronic as: Any condition that lasts a long time or recurs over time; chronic pain as: Pain that persists after an injury has healed or a disease is over; and chronic pain syndrome as : Long-term, severe pain that doesn't spring from an injury or illness, that interferes with daily life, and is often accompanied by other problems, such as depression, irritability, and anxiety.
A chronic disease is one lasting 3 months or more, by the definition of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. Chronic diseases generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication, nor do they just disappear. Harvard Medical Dictionary defines chronic as: Any condition that lasts a long time or recurs over time; chronic pain as: Pain that persists after an injury has healed or a disease is over; and chronic pain syndrome as : Long-term, severe pain that doesn't spring from an injury or illness, that interferes with daily life, and is often accompanied by other problems, such as depression, irritability, and anxiety.
What is the meaning of debilitating?
Something that's debilitating seriously affects someone or something's strength or ability to carry on with regular activities, like a debilitating illness. Debilitating comes from the Latin word debilis, meaning "weak." That's why you'll often see the adjective used to describe illness, despite the negative reference.
Something that's debilitating seriously affects someone or something's strength or ability to carry on with regular activities, like a debilitating illness. Debilitating comes from the Latin word debilis, meaning "weak." That's why you'll often see the adjective used to describe illness, despite the negative reference.
Petition Purpose and Background
The purpose of this petition is; Requesting The Inclusion Of A New Medical Condition: Migraines.
This petition for the Medical Treatment that pertains to: Requesting The Inclusion Of A New Medical Condition: Migraines is being provided to the state Department of Health Medical Cannabis Program so the advisory board can review and recommend to the department for approval additional debilitating medical conditions that would benefit from the medical use of cannabis with the Lynn and Erin Compassionate Use Act.
Who Should Qualify for Medical Cannabis Use?
According to Americans For Safe Access Policy Studies & Research:
Background: The most fundamental aspect of medical cannabis laws is the relationship between a patient and their physician. It is often only the physician and the patient that possess information about a patient’s health condition. However, many public officials and others who oppose medical cannabis laws often make assumptions about people’s health. The media have even fomented such inappropriate assumptions by naming a category of patients “Young Able Bodied Males,” condemning certain patients by visual assessment alone.
Findings: The health care information discussed between a patient and physician is considered private and protected under federal HIPAA laws. It is typically the purview of state medical boards to assess whether a physician has inappropriately recommended cannabis to someone who should not be qualified. Studies have shown in some medical cannabis states that the majority of patients suffer from chronic pain, an ailment that is not obviously detectable by another person. Nevertheless, police will often harass and arrest patients based on the assumption that someone is faking their illness.
Position: Medical professionals should have an unrestricted ability to recommend cannabis therapeutics and that should not be impacted by law enforcement’s perceptions.
According to Americans For Safe Access Policy Studies & Research:
Background: The most fundamental aspect of medical cannabis laws is the relationship between a patient and their physician. It is often only the physician and the patient that possess information about a patient’s health condition. However, many public officials and others who oppose medical cannabis laws often make assumptions about people’s health. The media have even fomented such inappropriate assumptions by naming a category of patients “Young Able Bodied Males,” condemning certain patients by visual assessment alone.
Findings: The health care information discussed between a patient and physician is considered private and protected under federal HIPAA laws. It is typically the purview of state medical boards to assess whether a physician has inappropriately recommended cannabis to someone who should not be qualified. Studies have shown in some medical cannabis states that the majority of patients suffer from chronic pain, an ailment that is not obviously detectable by another person. Nevertheless, police will often harass and arrest patients based on the assumption that someone is faking their illness.
Position: Medical professionals should have an unrestricted ability to recommend cannabis therapeutics and that should not be impacted by law enforcement’s perceptions.
“Qualifying medical condition” shall mean any condition for which treatment with medical cannabis would be beneficial, as determined by a patient's qualified medical professional, including but not limited to cancer, glaucoma, positive status for human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis C, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Crohn’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, post-traumatic stress disorder, arthritis, chronic pain, neuropathic and other intractable chronic pain, and multiple sclerosis.
“Qualifying patient” shall mean a person who has a written recommendation from a qualified medical professional for the medical use of cannabis.
Migraine
Migraines are a type of excruciatingly painful headache that can cause intense throbbing and pulsing in the head, and is usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and severe sensitivity to light, loud sounds, and or smells. Migraines are also oftentimes classified as a chronic neurological disorder if the headaches persist (which they do in tens of millions of people throughout the world). Sufferers of Migraine disorders may experience migraines several times a month, and at the worst, even on a daily basis.
The exact cause of migraine disorders vary from individual to individual, although it is hypothesized that they are related to chemical changes in the brain as well as genetics. Various ailments including Asthma, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Epilepsy, Hypertension, Stroke, Sleep Disorders, and more can also cause migraines in the sufferer. Some individuals (those with a migraine disorder or ailment that may cause migraines) are more predisposed to undergoing a migraine attack than others, but normal healthy individuals may experience a migraine from time to time depending on specific triggers. Known triggers of a migraine include: emotional stress; sensitivity to chemicals or preservatives in foods; excessive caffeine consumption; caffeine withdrawal; menstrual periods; side effects of medications; excessive fatigue; skipping meals; and changes in sleep patterns.
Using Cannabis to Treat Migraine
Cannabis is a complex medicinal plant that may actually be used to treat a variety of debilitating symptoms caused by a surprisingly large number of ailments. Its usefulness as a non-lethal medicine (you cannot die from an overdose of cannabis) cannot be overstated and its versatility in terms of how it can be consumed and as to how it can be useful for so many illnesses is something to be excited about. However, it is important to remember that consulting with your primary care physician should be your first priority when considering incorporating cannabis into one’s medical regiment and that cannabis is to be used as an adjunct therapy and not a replacement. It is also your responsibility to communicate with your doctor as to how your use of cannabis has affected your health and of your progress with utilizing medical cannabis.
Those suffering from Migraines will be pleased to hear that one study in 2008 by Russo et al published in Neuroendocrinology Letters concludes, “Migraine, fibromyalgia, IBS and related conditions display common clinical, biochemical and pathophysiological patterns that suggest an underlying clinical endocannabinoid deficiency that may be suitably treated with cannabinoid medicines.”
With that said, studies have shown that cannabis may be quite useful for treating individuals suffering from migraine for the following reasons: relieving pain caused by the migraine; helping to manage anxiety and or depression associated with the various stages of a migraine; relieving nausea and possible vomiting; helping to regulate blood flow and relieve possible hypertension or high blood pressure; helping to restore appetite during a prolonged migraine attack; and with protecting the brain from damage and degeneration.
People have used marijuana to treat migraines for hundreds of years, and studies show it is still being used for this purpose today
Scientists have discovered many therapeutic uses for marijuana. Many of them have been verified through studies, but one condition that we don’t fully understand is migraines.
There are anecdotal reports of people using marijuana to treat or prevent migraines, but is there any research to verify those claims?
What are Migraines?
A migraine headache is much worse than a regular headache. The pain caused by migraines is far more intense and lasts much longer. Migraines are a complex condition and each individual sufferer has their own experience with it. This broad variation makes it difficult to determine exactly what causes them.
In the US, 35 million people suffer from migraines, about 12% of the population. They mostly affect people aged 15-55, and tend to be more common in women.
A migraine headache can last anywhere from 4 to 72 hours. The main symptom is a painful headache, and other symptoms include increased sensitivity to light, sound, and smell, and nausea and vomiting.
For some people, a migraine can be so debilitating they can’t go to work or perform basic tasks. A migraine sufferer may have to lock themselves in a dark, quiet room until the symptoms subside.
Possible triggers include: bright light, stress, hunger, allergies, lack of sleep, loud noises, jet lag, certain odors or perfumes, alcohol, tobacco smoke, dehydration, and certain foods and medications.
History of medical marijuana for migraines
The history of marijuana as a medicine goes back further than most people might realize. In the first two centuries AD, Chinese writers documented that Emperor Shen Nuang used marijuana medicinally in the third century BC. This was the first ever recorded use of medical cannabis.
In a 2013 study called Cannabinoids and Hallucinogens for Headache, the authors write about marijuana being used in Ayurvedic mixtures to treat headaches in 400-300 BC.
In the 12th century, a German mystic, abbess, and philosopher named Hildegard Von Bingen wrote about marijuana in Physica, “Whoever has an empty brain and head pains may eat it and the head pains will be reduced. Though he who is healthy and full of brains shall not be harmed by it.”
Marijuana as medicine in the west
With regards to western medicine, the 19th century Irish physician W.B. O’Shaughnessy takes credit for introducing medical marijuana. In a paper he wrote in 1839, the doctor identified marijuana (what he called Indian hemp) to be an effective analgesic and muscle relaxant.
In 1840, Dr. Clandenning, a physician from St. Marylebone Infirmary in London, became the first person in a clinical setting to use marijuana to treat headaches. In the 1850s, Dr. Greene recommended daily cannabis intake for migraine prevention. In the 1890s, Sir John Russell Reynolds, then president of the British Medical Association, called it “one of the most valuable medicines we possess,” in a study published in the Lancet.
In 1890, Dr. Mackenzie published a paper in the British Medical Journal about the treatment of headaches with gradually increasing doses of marijuana twice a day. It was the first published scientific account of cannabis being used to treat headaches.
Then, in the early 1900s, Sir William Osler endorsed marijuana for migraine treatment in his medical textbook The Principles and Practise of Medicine. Osler urged the medical community to use cannabis for both acute treatment and prevention of migraines — over 100 years ago.
The Prohibition Era
But in the 1930s, anti-drug campaigns started moving western nations towards marijuana prohibition. The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 imposed a heavy tax on anyone who used marijuana, forcing them to either pay, or go to jail and pay a fine. The act made it very difficult for anyone to study or use marijuana for medical purposes. As a result, the use of marijuana as a migraine treatment fell out of practice.
When full prohibition began, research into medical marijuana ground to a halt and, in 1941, marijuana was removed from the US Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary. The American Medical Association strongly opposed this motion, and it ushered in an age of darkness for medical marijuana research.
For decades, research into the efficacy of marijuana to treat migraines and the prevalence of people using it to treat migraines, were essentially non-existent.
Studies on medical marijuana for migraines
The state of marijuana research has improved significantly in recent years due to the increasing acceptance of medical marijuana around the world. Scientists have found evidence that marijuana can help treat many different conditions, from pain and glaucoma to depression and epilepsy
But there still aren’t any clinical studies on the use of medical marijuana for treating migraines.
Much of the evidence is anecdotal and comes from case reports and patient surveys. For example, a 2009 report published in the scientific journal Headache describes one case where researchers witnessed a man with a cluster headache fully relieve his symptoms within five minutes of smoking marijuana.
As another example, a survey of 2480 marijuana users performed by the Oakland Cannabis Buyers Club found that 5 percent used cannabis for migraine relief.
The first formal study on marijuana and migraines
In 2016, the first formal study on marijuana as a migraine treatment was published in the journal Pharmacotherapy. The results finally shed some light on the question of whether marijuana can be helpful for migraines.
The study surveyed 121 adults with migraines over a period from January 2010 to September 2014. All subjects were prescribed medical marijuana, and they all attended at least one follow up appointment. In the end, the study found that after regular consumption of cannabis, the average frequency of migraines decreased from 10.4 per month to 4.6 per month — a significant difference.
Many patients used more than one consumption method, and dosage and frequency data were all patient-reported. After the follow up appointment, the mean monthly dosage per patient was 2.64 oz (vaporized), 2.59 oz (edible), 2.73 oz (topical), and 1.59 oz (smoked).
The study also found that some consumption methods were better than others for migraine treatment. Smoking or vaping was preferred by most patients because it’s easier to monitor how much you’re taking, and because of the quick onset of action. Edibles, on the other hand, were less desirable because dosage is harder to gauge, and it takes longer to reach maximum effect.
The study is promising, and it breaks new ground in a severely understudied area of medical research. Even still, the authors admit that it had a few weaknesses. More data needs to be collected on strain and dosage, patients need to fill out their reporting forms more completely, and many patients didn’t go for a follow up appointment, causing them to be excluded from the study.
As a next step, the researchers suggest a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial similar to a prescription drug study. To date, there have been no clinical trials conducted on marijuana as a treatment for migraines. However, anecdotal evidence collected from patients and physicians suggests marijuana could indeed be effective.
How does marijuana help with migraines?
The way marijuana helps with migraines all comes down to the endocannabinoid system, which is one of the biological systems in the human body. All vertebrates have one, so scientists believe it has ancient origins.
In humans, the endocannabinoid system is composed of cannabinoids produced naturally by the human body (endocannabinoids) and the receptors that they bind to (CB1 and CB2). These receptors are found everywhere, not just in the brain but in many tissues and organ systems as well.
The role of the endocannabinoid system is to regulate vital functions such as sleep, pain sensitivity, appetite, memory, body heat, and movement.
According to studies, when CB1 receptors are activated, they cause a release of dopamine, which can be helpful for headaches. They also inhibit the release of various other neurotransmitters including serotonin.
CB2 receptors are not psychoactive, but they do have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which can also help with migraine symptoms.
The cannabinoids in marijuana imitate our body’s own cannabinoids and have the same effect on CB1 and CB2 receptors. Chronic migraine patients have been found to be deficient in anandamide, the human body’s most important endocannabinoid.
By consuming marijuana, patients can boost the activity of the endocannabinoid system, which theoretically could stop their migraines. For this reason, it’s been suggested that migraines, and other neurological conditions, may be nothing more than a cannabinoid deficiency.
THC and CBD
There are 60 different cannabinoids in marijuana, but the ones that attract the most attention are THC and CBD. THC is the primary psychoactive component of cannabis. It has a similar molecular structure to anandamide, so it easily binds to cannabinoid receptors.
Researchers have found that THC boosts dopamine levels and prevents the release of serotonin, helping to correct imbalances with either of those two neurotransmitters.
CBD, on the other hand, is not psychoactive but it still possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that make it of significant interest as a medicine. These special properties are also believed to give it strong potential as a migraine treatment.
The role of serotonin in migraines
A class of drugs called triptans has been used to treat migraines for decades. These drugs activate the receptors that respond to serotonin, so scientists believe that serotonin plays an important role in migraines.
Since cannabinoids in marijuana are known to activate those same receptors, researchers believe marijuana might be useful as a therapeutic alternative. Research has also shown that cannabinoids can block the release of serotonin during a migraine attack, providing one more reason to believe in its effectiveness.
Now that marijuana is more widely accepted and medical use is more common place, researchers are starting to uncover more evidence of its benefits as a migraine treatment. [http://www.leafscience.com/2017/03/05/can-marijuana-help-treat-migraines/]
Study: Cannabinoids Help Relieve Migraines
Researchers Investigated Migraines and Cannabinoids
A team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco recently published a study in The Journal of Neuroscience centered around the endocannabinoid system and its role in the treatment of migraine headaches. According to their findings, the activation of cannabinoid receptors in the brain may help modulate pain signals.
The research team was comprised of five Department of Neurology members called the ‘Headache Group’. Knowing that cannabinoids have been tied to the perception of neuropathic pain, the researchers wanted to see if they would have similar success treating the throbbing nature of migraine headaches.
Endocannabinoids May Help Relieve Migraine Headaches
The Headache Group investigated the ‘periaqueductal’ gray matter, the part of the brain that modulates the descending nature of pain, in rats. In particular, they measured the activity of pain receptors and nerve fibers associated with headaches.
‘A delta fibers’ are nerves that respond to cold and pressure. According to the abstract of the Headache Group’s study, activation of the CB1 receptor reduced the amount of A delta fibers by as much as 19%, but there was no change in sensory information from skin on the face. This suggests that the pressure relief was the result of nervous system interactions.
“The underlying mechanism of migraine relief may involve an interaction between cannabinoid and serotonin receptors.”
Another bit of proof for CB1-induced migraine relief was discovered when the Headache Group realized that the inhibition of the cannabinoid receptor prevented a decrease in pressure A delta fibers. As the researchers learned, the mechanism that underlies migraine headaches is quite complicated.
Triptans are a family of medicines used to temporarily relieve migraines that are thought to affect serotonin receptors. However, the Headache Group found that the underlying mechanism of migraine relief may involve an interaction between cannabinoid and serotonin receptors in certain areas of the brain. Due to this, the Headache Group believes the endocannabinoid system may be involved in triptan-related relief as well.
Beneficial Cannabinoids and Terpenoids Useful for Treating Migraine
The cannabis plant offers a plethora of therapeutic benefits and contains cannabinoids and terpenoid compounds that are useful for managing a migraine. Although much of the scientific research surrounding cannabis has been focused on both Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) for their ability to be potent Analgesics and Anti-Nausea (Anti-Emetic) medicines, the following list denotes which cannabinoids and terpenoids also work synergistically with each other for possible therapeutic benefit:
Additional Research on How Medical Cannabis Benefits Migraine Headaches
- Effects of anandamide in migraine: data from an animal model [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331757]
- Cannabinoids and hallucinogens for headache [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23278122]
- The endocannabinoid system and migraine [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20353780]
- Variations in the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene predispose to migraine [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19539700]
Clinical Information Related to Migraines and Medical Cannabis
- Cannabinoids and hallucinogens for headache [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23278122]
Rules, Regulations, & Policy Solution For The Inclusion Of A New Medical Condition: Migraine
The approval of this petition: Requesting The Inclusion Of A New Medical Condition: Migraine, that is being provided to the state Department of Health Medical Cannabis Program so the advisory board can review and recommend to the department for approval additional debilitating medical conditions that would benefit from the medical use of cannabis with the Lynn and Erin Compassionate Use Act. The approval of this petition would bring the Department of Health in compliance with the intent of the law and uphold the spirit of the Lynn and Erin Compassionate Use Act, 2007. Fulfilling both;“ Section 2. PURPOSE OF ACT.--The purpose of the Lynn and Erin Compassionate Use Act is to allow the beneficial use of medical cannabis in a regulated system for alleviating symptoms caused by debilitating medical conditions and their medical treatments” And Section 6. ADVISORY BOARD CREATED--DUTIES: The advisory board shall: A. review and recommend to the department for approval additional debilitating medical conditions that would benefit from the medical use of cannabis.” New Mexico’s medical cannabis history started in 1978. After public hearings the legislature enacted H.B. 329, the nation’s first law recognizing the medical value of cannabis...the first law.
References
Understanding medical cannabis.Elemental Wellness Center, 2014 Jul.
Effects of anandamide in migraine: data from an animal model.Greco, Rosaria, et al.
The Journal of Headache and Pain, 2011 April, 12(2): 177-183.
The use of marijuana or synthetic cannabinoids for the treatment of headache.Napchan, Uri, et al.
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 2011 Mar, 51(3): 502-505.
The endocannabinoid system and migraine.Greco, Rosaria, et al
Experimental Neurology, 2010 July, 224(1): 85-91.
Cluster attacks responsive to recreational cannabis and Dronabinol.Robbins, Matthew S, et al.
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 2009 Jun, 49(6): 914-916.
Neuroendocrinology Letters, 2008, 29(2): 192-200.
pharmacodynamic overview.McCarberg, Bill H, et al.
American Journal of Therapeutics, 2007 Sep, 14(5): 475-483.
Endocannabinoids in chronic migraine: CSF findings suggest a system failure.Sarchielli, Paola, et al.
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2006 Nov 22, 32: 1384-1390.
Cannabinoid (CB1) receptor activation inhibits trigeminovascular neurons.Akerman, Simon, et al.
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2006 Oct 3, 320(1): 64-71.
Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2004, 25(1-2): 31-39.
Cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: results of a prospective survey.Ware, Mark A, et al.
Pain, 2003 Mar, 102(1-2): 211-216.
Hemp for headache: an in-depth historical and scientific review of cannabis in migraine treatment.Russo, Ethan.
Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 2001, 1(2): 21-92.
Cannabis: time for scientific evaluation of this ancient remedy?Sharpe, Paul MB, et al.
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2000 Feb, 90(2): 237.
Cannabis for migraine treatment: the once and future prescription? an historical and scientific review.Russo, Ethan
Pain, 1998 May, 76(1-2): 3-8.
Marijuana and migraine.El-Mallakh, Rif S.
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 1987 Sep, 27(8): 442-443.
Cannabinoids block release of serotonin from platelets induced by plasma from migraine patients.Dvilanksy, Volfe Z, et al.
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research, 1985, 5(4): 243-246.
Lynn & Erin Compassionate Use Act Patient’s Coalition of New Mexico ~ A GrassRoots Movement!
UNITE-NETWORK-GROW-INFORM-KNOW-EDUCATE-ACTIVISM-VOTE-HEALTH-WELLNESS
(All Rights Reserved 04/20/2016)
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